Comorbidities
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the loss of kidney function over a period of time. The kidneys play a vital role in making hormones as well...
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation in the lining of the joints. It most commonly affects the hands, wrists and knees but...
Peripheral Artery Disease
Peripheral arterial disease refers to a circulatory impairment that causes narrow blood vessels in the extremities resulting in decreased blood flow. The most common cause of...
Hypertension
Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing on the walls of the arteries. Normal blood pressure is...
Gastric Ulcer/Gastrointestinal Bleed (GIB)
A gastric ulcer develops when the naturally occurring gastric acid damages the protective barrier (mucosa) of the stomach resulting in an open sore. Common causes of...
Traumatic Brain Injury/ Post-Traumatic Headache
Traumatic brain injury occurs after an injury to the head. Classifications of TBI can be mild (like a mild concussion), moderate or severe. Symptoms will vary...
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is characterized by high pressure in the skull due to build up of cerebrospinal fluid that occurs due to an unknown reason. The...
Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) vary in severity and occur usually due to falls, accidents or trauma. A complete spinal cord injury occurs when the spinal cord...
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder where nerve cells die in a part of the brain known as the substantia nigra. These nerve cells produce a...
Superior Oblique Myokymia
Superior oblique myokymia is a condition that causes rapid eye twitching. The superior oblique is a muscle that helps control the eye movements. Myokymia means involuntary...
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy also known as apical ballooning syndrome, or “broken heart syndrome” is a reversible dysfunction of the left ventricle (the heart’s main pumping chamber). The...
SUNCT/SUNA
Two types of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs) are SUNCT and SUNA. SUNCT is also known as short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing....