Abdominal Migraine
Abdominal migraine is a form of migraine that occurs mostly in children aged 3-10. To receive a diagnosis a person must have had at least 5 recurrent episodes of moderate to severe pain in the abdomen usually around the midsection or belly button. The person must also have at least two of the following: nausea, vomiting, paleness, or loss of appetite. A headache may or may not be present. An aura may occur before the abdominal symptoms. Each attack generally lasts from 1 hour to 3 days. A person with abdominal migraine may have complete freedom of symptoms between attacks, meaning that these symptoms do not linger.
Alice-in-Wonderland Syndrome
Alice in Wonderland syndrome is a rare but real medical term. It is a neurological condition that affects human self-perception. Sufferers experience short episodes where they feel larger or smaller than the surrounding environment. Some of these odd changes in perception can affect only a portion of the body, such as the feeling that a leg or an arm is over- and under-sized. (from the mad hatter event pdf “Why is it called the “Alice in Wonderland” Croquet Tournament?”)
- Alice in Wonderland and Other Migraine Associated Phenomena-Evolution Over 30 Years After Headache Diagnosis.
Dooley JM1, Augustine HF2, Gordon KE2, Brna PM2, Westby E2 - Complex hallucinations and panic attacks in a 13-year-old with migraines: the alice in wonderland syndrome.
George D, Bernard P - Characteristics and evolution of patients with Alice in Wonderland syndrome.
Losada-Del Pozo R1, Cantarín-Extremera V, García-Peñas JJ, Duat-Rodríguez A, López-Marín L, Gutiérrez-Solana LG, Ruiz-Falcó ML - Acute confusional migraine: is it a distinct form of migraine?
Pacheva I1, Ivanov I
Allodynia
Allodynia occurs when someone experiences pain from something not normally painful. Some examples of allodynia are pain from touching cold water, brushing hair or moving the bed sheets across the skin.
ANTIEMETIC
A medication used for reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting
Aphasia
The inability to understand or express speech, temporarily or long term
- Migraine aura and related phenomena: beyond scotomata and scintillations.
Vincent MB1, Hadjikhani N - Migraine symptoms: Transient Aphasia.
Ellen Schnakenberg - Confusion as a presentation symptom of pseudomigraine with pleocytosis in a pediatric patient.
Soto-Insuga V1, López-Villanueva L2, Rodrigo M2, Mois Aroyo I2, Losada R2, Soriano-Guillén L2 - An unusual presentation of migraine: temporary complete body paralysis and aphasia.
Chung KT - Crossed aphasia during migraine aura: transcallosal spreading depression?
Isabel Pavão Martins
Apraxia
Difficulty speaking sometimes without another explanation
Ataxia
A persistent sense of imbalance or incoordination of body movements
- Value of clinical data and vestibular testing in a population of 101 patients with recurrent vestibulopathy.
Martin-Sanz E1, Salamanca EV, Cabrero AM, Esteban J, Muerte I, Sanz-Fernández R. - Migraine-associated vertigo: diagnosis and treatment.
Cha YH. - Vestibular migraine.
Stolte B1, Holle D1, Naegel S1, Diener HC1, Obermann M2. - Epigone migraine vertigo (EMV): a late migraine equivalent.
Pagnini P, Vannucchi P, Giannoni B, Pecci R.
Autonomic Nasal Dysfunction
Unexplained nasal congestion and/or runny nose with no diagnosable cause such as a cold virus, sinus infection or allergy
Brain Fog
A term commonly used to describe lack of focus, confusion or forgetfulness.
CANNABINOIDS
A class of compounds found in cannabis (marijuana) that have several potentially helpful effects including anti-nausea, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticonvulsant
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Central Auditory Processing Disorder occurs when the brain has trouble interpreting sounds. For an unknown reason, the ears and brain don't fully communicate. A person may mishear similar sounds and words and may be unable to determine similar sounds in a noisy environment or block out background noise.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The part of the nervous system that are made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is thought to have about 100 billion neurons.
CHRONIC MIGRAINE
A migraine diagnosis where the person has at least 15 headache days a month, with at least 8 of the headache days having migraine features, for more than 3 months.
CHRONIC SINUSITIS
We often think of a sinus infection as a bacterial or viral infection within one or more of the 8 groups of paranasal sinuses of the face will cause facial pain or pressure, often combined with a stuffy nose or abnormal discharge. Colds, allergies or nasal polyps often cause mucosal swelling, leading to blocked sinus openings and subsequent create an environment favorable for infection. If this infection or swelling does not resolve within 3 months, the condition becomes chronic.
But for a large portion of people who think that they have chronic sinusitis, the irritable nerves of migraine can duplicate all of these symptoms.
Colic
When a fussy baby cries or fusses without cause for more than 3 hours a day, 3 or more days a week, over at least 3 weeks
- Before the headache: infant colic as an early life expression of migraine.
Gelfand AA1, Thomas KC, Goadsby PJA migraine variant with abdominal colic and Alice in Wonderland syndrome: a case report and review.
Hamed SA - Association between childhood migraine and history of infantile colic.
Romanello S1 JC, Wood C, Zuccotti GV, Crichiutti G, Alberti C, Titomanlio L., Spiri D, Marcuzzi E, Zanin A, Boizeau P, Riviere S, Vizeneux A, Moretti R, Carbajal R, Mercier - Migraine and childhood periodic syndromes in children and adolescents.
Gelfand AA
Coughing, Sneezing and Migraine
Coughing and/or sneezing as a precursor to headache and migraine, and as a symptom.
- Migraine after sneezing: pathophysiological considerations, focused on the difference with coughing.
van Oosterhout WP1, Haan J. - Chiari-associated exertional, cough, and sneeze headache responsive to medical therapy.
Buzzi MG1, Formisano R, Colonnese C, Pierelli F. - Topiramate-induced intractable cough during migraine prophylaxis.
Maggioni F1, Mampreso E, Mainardi F, Lisotto C, Malvindi ML, Zanchin G. - Cough-induced hemiplegic migraine with impaired consciousness in cystic fibrosis.
Rao DS1, Infeld MD, Stern RC, Chelimsky TC. - Primary cough headache, primary exertional headache, and primary headache associated with sexual activity: a clinical and radiological study.
Donnet A1, Valade D, Houdart E, Lanteri-Minet M, Raffaelli C, Demarquay G, Hermier M, Guegan-Massardier E, Gerardin E, Geraud G, Cognard C, Levrier O, Lehmann P. - Modified Valsalva test differentiates primary from secondary cough headache.
Lane RJ1, Davies PT.
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a disorder where a person experiences recurrent attacks of nausea and vomiting that may last hours to days with an unknown etiology. The attacks usually last for the same length of time and occur at the same time of day; most often late night to early morning.
EPISODIC MIGRAINE
A migraine diagnosis where the person has 0 to 14 headache days per month.
- Relationship between cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine.
Stickler GB. - Cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine in children.
Lin YP1, Ni YH, Weng WC, Lee WT. - A Comparison of Dysautonomias Comorbid with Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and with Migraine.
Gisela Chelimsky, Shruti Madan, […], and Thomas Chelimsky - Treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome with co-enzyme Q10 and amitriptyline, a retrospective study.
Richard G Boles, Mary R Lovett-Barr, […], and Kathleen Adams - Injectable Sumatriptan for Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Adults: A Case Series.
Calhoun AH1, Pruitt AP.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain throughout the body, primarily affecting muscles, bones and joints. Individuals experience a hypersensitivity to both painful and non-painful stimuli.
Gastroparesis
Gastroparesis is defined as delayed emptying of solids and liquids from the stomach into the small intestine without evidence of a blockage. However, some patients have the symptoms of gastroparesis without delayed gastric emptying.
Interstitial Cystitis
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic urological condition that causes pain and pressure in the bladder in the absence of a urinary tract infection. There are two subtypes of interstitial cystitis: nonulcerative and ulcerative and symptoms range from mild to severe. Most people will experience frequent urination, dyspareunia, a constant urge to urinate and pelvic pain.
Irritable bowel syndrome
A functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder causing abdominal pain and bloating and changes to bowel movements (including constipation, diarrhea or a combination of the two). It is a common comorbidity of migraine disease.
- Irritable bowel syndrome and migraine: bystanders or partners?
Chang FY1, Lu CL - Cluster Belly: A Variant of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Robbins MS. - Irritable bowel syndrome may be associated with maternal inheritance and mitochondrial DNA control region sequence variants.
van Tilburg MA1, Zaki EA, Venkatesan T, Boles RG - The bowel and migraine: update on celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome.
Cady RK1, Farmer K, Dexter JK, Hall J.
Mal de Debarquement
Mal de Débarquement syndrome is a condition that causes someone to feel like they are still moving after being on a boat, plane, car or train, etc. The feeling usually resolves within 24 hours but is classified as persistent when it lasts greater than one month.
MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE
Medication Adaptation Headache, also known as medication-overuse headache or rebound headache, is a secondary headache disorder that occurs from frequent use of certain medications to treat headache or migraine attacks or other pain conditions.
Neurogenic Cough
An unexplained dry persistent cough, possibly caused by sensory nerve damage that lasts more than 8 weeks
Neurogenic Bladder
Lack of bladder control due to an injury or problems with the central nervous system
Oromandibular Dystonia
Uncontrollable, strong contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech
Osmophobia
Sensitivity to smells
Otalgia
Ear ache.
- Otalgia associated with migraine.
Teixido M1, Seymour P, Kung B, Lazar S, Sabra O. - The red ear syndrome.
Giorgio Lambru, Sarah Miller, and Manjit S Matharu - Neuro-otological symptoms in patients with migraine.
Porta-Etessam J1, García-Cobos R, Cuadrado ML, Casanova I, Lapeña T, García-Ramos R. - Inner ear disorders.
Smouha E - Symptom: Ear Plugging.
Djalilian, Hamid R. MD
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
There are two main parts of the nervous system. The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes brain and spinal cord while the PNS includes the nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord.
Phantosmia
Olfactory hallucination, or detecting a smell that is not there, usually unpleasant, such as cigarette smoke, something burning, garbage
Phonophobia
Sound sensitivity
Photophobia
Light sensitivity
- Elevated audiovisual temporal interaction in patients with migraine without aura.
Weiping Yang, Bingqian Chu, […], and Shengyuan Yu - Photic hypersensitivity in the premonitory phase of migraine – a positron emission tomography study.
Maniyar FH1, Sprenger T, Schankin C, Goadsby PJ. - Hypothalamic and basal ganglia projections to the posterior thalamus: Possible role in modulation of migraine headache and photophobia.
Kagan R1, Kainz V, Burstein R, Noseda R. - Quantification of Macular Carotenoids Using Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients With Photosensitive Migraine and Benign Essential Blepharospasm.
Jonathan E. Frandsen, BA, Stephanie Llop, BS, […], and Bradley J. Katz, MD, PhD - Shedding Light on Photophobia.
Kathleen B. Digre, MD and K.C. Brennan, MD
Presenteeism
Being on the job but, because of illness or other medical conditions, not fully functioning.
Restless Leg Syndrome
Recurring, irresistible urges to move one’s legs because of uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations, most often occurring in the evening or nighttime when sitting or lying. The syndrome can cause sleep problems and can worsen with age.
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the tissue that lines the sinuses
- Migraine misdiagnosis as a sinusitis, a delay that can last for many years.
Jasem Y Al-Hashel, Samar Farouk Ahmed, […], and Peter J Goadsby - Comparison of causes of headache diagnosed by neurologist and non-neurologist physicians.
Ahangar AA1, Hosseini S. - An otolaryngology, neurology, allergy, and primary care consensus on diagnosis and treatment of sinus headache.
Levine HL1, Setzen M, Cady RK, Dodick DW, Schreiber CP, Eross EJ, Blumenthal HJ, Lumry WR, Berman GD, Durham PL. - Sinus headaches: avoiding over- and mis-diagnosis.
Jones NS - Treatment of sinus headache as migraine: the diagnostic utility of triptans.
Kari E1, DelGaudio JM.
Status Migrainosus
Status migrainosus is a migraine attack that lasts longer than 72 hours with debilitating pain and/or associated symptoms.
Temporomandibular Pain
Pain and/or dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) which is where the jaw bone connects to the skull. The pain can be felt in the face, jaw joint, ear, neck and shoulders.
- Treatment of comorbid migraine and temporomandibular disorders: a factorial, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Goncalves DA, Camparis CM, Speciali JG, Castanharo SM, Ujikawa LT, Lipton RB, Bigal ME. - Temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder-type pain and comorbid pains in a national US sample.
Plesh O1, Adams SH, Gansky SA - Signs of temporomandibular disorders in migraine patients: a prospective, controlled study.
Stuginski-Barbosa J1, Macedo HR, Bigal ME, Speciali JG - ID migraine questionnaire in temporomandibular disorders with craniofacial pain: a study by using a multidisciplinary approach.
Di Paolo C1, Di Nunno A, Vanacore N, Bruti G. - Evaluation of the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in children with headaches.
Bertoli FM1, Antoniuk SA, Bruck I, Xavier GR, Rodrigues DC, Losso EM.
Tinnitus
A perception of ringing or other noise that is not actually there that can be associated with hearing loss, head injuries or many other issues including migraine disease.
Torticollis
A problem with the muscles in the neck that causes the head to twist to one side.
Trigeminal Nerve
Largest of the 12 cranial nerves. It sends sensations from the face to the brain. Involved with the pathophysiology of migraine.
VERTIGO
A sensation of movement, spinning or feeling off balance.
Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia is a condition where chronic pain occurs in the vulva, located on the external female genitalia, for greater than three months. The pain occurs without a known cause and is often described as a burning or itching sensation.
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